MARS MARTE: Mars simulation chamber explores habitability of other planets

The simulation chamber, named MARTE, is designed to enable study of the behaviour of instrumentation and samples of different types and sizes in pressure ranges up to 10-6 mbar controlling the gas composition, with temperature control of samples in the range of 108K to 423K. 

Credit: J. Martín-Gago/ICMM

A research team in Spain has the enviable job of testing out new electromechanical gear for potential use in future missions to the "Red Planet."

They do it within their Mars environmental simulation chamber, which is specially designed to mimic conditions on the fourth planet from the sun, right down to its infamous Martian dust.

Mars is a key target for future space exploration, thanks to indications that the planet may have either been capable of supporting life in the past or is possibly even supporting it right now within its subsurface.

To answer the many questions about the habitability of Mars, it's critical to first develop new sensors and instruments capable of detecting the planet's atmospheric and surface characteristics.

In the journal Review of Scientific Instruments, researchers from Centro de Astrobiología, INTA-CSIC, and Instituto de Ciencias de Materials de Madrid describe their work mimicking conditions on Mars.

Jose Angel Martín-Gago

"Mars is a good place to learn about planets similar to ours and, as such, is the target of many NASA and European Space Agency (ESA) missions," explained Jose Angel Martín-Gago, a research professor at the Instituto de Ciencias de Materials de Madrid.

"Our group is primarily involved in the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission to construct a meteorological station intended for future use on a rover to further explore Mars' surface."

By building here on Earth state-of-the-art vacuum chambers capable of reproducing the physical conditions of Mars, including temperature, pressure, gas composition, and radiation, the researchers can experimentally mimic these conditions to test instrumentation in "real" environmental operation conditions.

Vacuum chambers have already enabled the researchers to test some of the meteorological sensors currently used onboard the Curiosity rover, which is exploring the surface of Mars but they are now turning their attention to other challenges, such as Martian dust.

Jesus Sobrado

"We're simulating the effect of the Martian dust, one of the primary problems for planetary exploration, to gain a better understanding of how instruments behave when covered in dust," said Jesus Sobrado, the scientist in charge of the machine's technical development.

As part of its research effort, the team has designed and built vacuum chambers devoted to simulating spatial environments, such as the surface of other planets like Mars' surface or even Jupiter's icy moon Europa, the interstellar medium, and interplanetary regions.

More information: "Mimicking Mars: A vacuum simulation chamber for testing environmental instrumentation for Mars" by J.M. Sobrado, J. Martín-Soler, and J.A. Martín-Gago, Review of Scientific Instruments on March 25, 2014. DOI: 10.1063/1.4868592